USA – The Trump-backed 28-point plan for Ukraine peace requires Kyiv to abandon its bid to join NATO, concede territories to Russia, and limit its military size – just to mention a few before listing all of them down.

US Army Secretary Daniel Driscoll delivered the written plan to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on Thursday. Zelenskyy said afterward that he was ready to discuss the proposal with Trump’s team, describing it as a US “vision” rather than a final offer.

Axios cited a US official as saying that the plan is a “live document” subject to changes but insisted it is a fair framework that Washington expects Ukraine to consider seriously.

The draft, which Axios said it obtained and verified with a Ukrainian and US official, calls for Ukraine to cap its armed forces at 600,000 personnel and to amend its constitution to renounce NATO membership.

NATO, in turn, would formally agree never to admit Ukraine, and the alliance would be barred from stationing troops on Ukrainian soil.

The plan would recognize Crimea, Luhansk and Donetsk as de facto Russian and freeze Kherson and Zaporizhzhia along the line of contact.

Ukrainian troops would also withdraw from parts of Donetsk they still control, which would become a neutral demilitarized buffer zone internationally recognized as part of Russia.

In return, the document says that any future Russian invasion would trigger a “decisive coordinated military response,” though it does not clarify whether the US would participate.

The proposal also includes a sweeping economic package: $100 billion in frozen Russian assets would be directed towards Ukraine’s reconstruction, with another $100 billion added by Europe.

Sanctions on Russia would be gradually lifted and Moscow would regain its seat in the G8.

The US and Russia would pursue long-term cooperation in sectors including energy, mining and artificial intelligence.

Ukraine would be required to hold national elections within 100 days of a deal. All parties to the conflict would receive full amnesty.

In a measure that would echo Trump’s proposal for Gaza, the agreement would be legally binding and would be overseen by a Peace Council led by Trump. Violations would result in sanctions.

Axios cited Russian envoy Kirill Dmitriev as saying that he is optimistic because “the Russian position is really being heard,” though President Vladimir Putin has not publicly endorsed the proposal.

The 28-points in the Ukraine Peace Plan

1. Ukraine’s sovereignty will be confirmed.
2. A full and comprehensive non-aggression agreement will be concluded between Russia, Ukraine, and Europe. All ambiguities of the past 30 years will be considered resolved.
3. It is expected that Russia will not invade neighboring countries and that NATO will not expand further.
4. A dialogue will be conducted between Russia and NATO, mediated by the United States, to resolve all security issues and create conditions for de-escalation, thereby ensuring global security and increasing opportunities for cooperation and future economic development.
5. Ukraine will receive reliable security guarantees.
6. The size of the Armed Forces of Ukraine will be limited to 600,000 personnel.
7. Ukraine agrees to enshrine in its constitution that it will not join NATO, and NATO agrees to include in its statutes a provision that it will not accept Ukraine in the future.
8. NATO agrees not to deploy troops in Ukraine.
9. European fighter aircraft will be stationed in Poland.
10. US Guarantees: The United States will receive compensation for the guarantee. If Ukraine invades Russia, it will lose the guarantee. If Russia invades Ukraine, in addition to a decisive coordinated military response, all global sanctions will be reinstated, recognition of new territories and all other benefits of this deal will be revoked. If Ukraine without cause launches a missile at Moscow or Saint Petersburg, the security guarantee will be considered invalid.
11. Ukraine retains the right to EU membership and will receive short-term preferential access to the European market while the issue is under consideration.
12. A powerful global package of measures for the reconstruction of Ukraine, including but not limited to:
    • Creation of a Ukraine Development Fund to invest in high-growth sectors, including technology, data-processing centres, and artificial intelligence.
    • The United States will cooperate with Ukraine on the joint reconstruction, development, modernization, and operation of Ukraine’s gas infrastructure, including pipelines and storage facilities.
    • Joint efforts to restore war-affected territories, including the reconstruction and modernization of cities and residential areas.
    • Infrastructure development.
    • Extraction of minerals and natural resources.
    • The World Bank will develop a special financing package to accelerate these efforts.
13. Russia will be reintegrated into the global economy:
    • The lifting of sanctions will be discussed and agreed upon gradually and on an individual basis.
    • The United States will conclude a long-term economic cooperation agreement aimed at mutual development in the fields of energy, natural resources, infrastructure, artificial intelligence, data-processing centres, rare-earth mining projects in the Arctic, and other mutually beneficial corporate opportunities.
    • Russia will be invited to return to the G8.
14. Frozen assets will be used in the following ways: $100 billion of frozen Russian assets will be invested in US-led reconstruction and investment efforts in Ukraine. The United States will receive 50% of the profits from this undertaking. Europe will add another $100 billion to increase the total investment available for Ukraine’s reconstruction. Frozen European assets will be unfrozen. The remaining frozen Russian assets will be invested in a separate American-Russian investment vehicle that will implement joint American-Russian projects in areas to be determined. This fund will be aimed at strengthening bilateral relations and increasing shared interests in order to create strong motivation not to return to conflict.
15. A joint American-Russian working group on security issues will be established to facilitate and ensure the fulfilment of all provisions of this agreement.
16. Russia will legislatively enshrine a policy of non-aggression toward Europe and Ukraine.
17. The United States and Russia will agree to extend the validity of treaties on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and arms control, including START-1.
18. Ukraine agrees to remain a non-nuclear state in accordance with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
19. The Zaporozhye Nuclear Power Plant will be restarted under IAEA supervision, and the generated electricity will be split equally between Russia and Ukraine (50:50).
20. Both countries undertake to introduce educational programmes in schools and society that promote understanding and tolerance of different cultures and the elimination of racism and prejudice:
    • Ukraine will adopt EU rules on religious tolerance and protection of linguistic minorities.
    • Both countries agree to lift all discriminatory measures and to guarantee the rights of Ukrainian and Russian media and education.
    • All Nazi ideology and activity must be rejected and prohibited.
21. Territories:
    • Crimea, Lugansk, and Donetsk will be recognized de facto as Russian, including by the United States.
    • Kherson and Zaporozhye will be frozen along the line of contact, which will mean de facto recognition along the line of contact.
    • Russia renounces other territories that it controls outside the five regions. (probably parts of Kharkov, Sumy, and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts – Ed.)
    • Ukrainian forces will withdraw from the part of Donetsk oblast they currently control; this withdrawal zone will be regarded as a neutral demilitarized buffer zone, internationally recognized as territory belonging to the Russian Federation. Russian forces will not enter this demilitarized zone.
22. After future territorial arrangements are agreed, both the Russian Federation and Ukraine undertake not to change these arrangements by force. Any security guarantees will not apply in the event of violation of this commitment.
23. Russia will not obstruct Ukraine’s commercial use of the Dnepr River, and agreements will be reached on the free transportation of grain across the Black Sea.
24. A humanitarian committee will be created to resolve outstanding issues:
    • All remaining prisoners and bodies will be exchanged on the “all-for-all” principle.
    • All civilian detainees and hostages will be returned, including children.
    • A family reunification programme will be implemented.
    • Measures will be taken to alleviate the suffering of conflict victims.
25. Ukraine will hold elections 100 days after the agreement is signed.
26. All parties involved in the conflict will receive full amnesty for actions committed during the war and will undertake not to file claims or pursue complaints in the future.
27. This agreement will be legally binding. Its implementation will be monitored and guaranteed by a Peace Council headed by President Trump. Predetermined sanctions will apply in the event of violations.
28. Once all parties have agreed to and signed this memorandum, the ceasefire will enter into force immediately after both sides withdraw to the agreed positions so that implementation of the agreement can begin.